By Jonathan Mattise
Special districts that tack on taxes for specific regional needs, such as the Florida Inland Navigation District, could be in the crosshairs for Gov. Rick Scott during the upcoming budget year.
A year after drastically cutting the state’s water management districts, Scott wants to put Florida’s 1,600-plus special taxing districts on the spot to see if they’re doing their job at a reasonable price for taxpayers.
The districts, which range from community redevelopment agencies that look to improve portions of cities or counties to multi-county organizations like FIND, draw $15.5 billion annually in tax dollars — a stat that jolted Scott when he first heard it.
Including multi-county districts, Martin County has 15 special districts, St. Lucie has 53, and Indian River County has 17. Some districts — such as the 94-year-old North St. Lucie Water Control District — trace back to the 1910s, state Department of Economic Opportunity records show.
Florida’s Oldest Special Taxing Districts
Florida Inland Navigation District dates back 84 years, but 24 other special taxing districts predate FIND in Florida. The Legislature first established a special taxing district in 1845, the year Florida became a state. Here is a list of the Treasure Coast’s 10 oldest active districts, including Florida Inland Navigation District (25th oldest in Florida):
1. North St. Lucie River Water Control District, 1917
2. Sebastian Inlet Tax District, 1919
3. Fellsmere Water Control District, 1919
4. Fort Pierce Farms Water Control District, 1919
5. Indian River Farms Water Control District, 1919
6. Indian River Mosquito Control District, 1925
7. Sebastian River Improvement District, 1927
8. Florida Inland Navigation District, 1927
9. Indian River Soil and Water Conservation District, 1945
10. South Florida Water Management District, 1949
Source: state Department of Economic Opportunity
The Governor wants to take a comprehensive, deliberate look at all of the special taxing districts in order to determine whether or not they are serving a legitimate purpose, taxing at an appropriate level, are governed in a manner that allows them to be held accountable to tax payers, are prudently spending tax payer dollars, etc.,” Scott spokeswoman Amy Graham wrote in an email. “(FIND) will be part of our overall analysis of special taxing districts.”
The Legislature set up many of the state’s special districts, or at least has some authority over many entities. The state also can require the Legislature to periodically review if a district has outlived its usefulness.
State Sen. Joe Negron, R-Stuart, said another oversight tool is requiring voter referendums to reaffirm whether an agency should exist. For instance, Negron and Rep. Debbie Mayfield, R-Vero Beach, passed a bill in 2010 requiring a referendum every 12 years to reaffirm support for children’s services councils, including ones in Martin and St. Lucie counties. The first vote occurs in 2014, Negron said.
Negron also said the state should make more district officials elected, rather than appointed, and should try to fold districts into existing elected boards — such as county commissions — if the boards can handle the added duties. Finally, Negron said in tough economic times, at the very least, new taxing districts shouldn’t be introduced.
Scott hasn’t divulged much about what he could do to the districts, however.
Children’s services, fire rescue, beaches, inlets, indigent care at hospitals, mosquito control and water management are only a handful of services that benefit from special district dollars locally.
That money often trickles in through property taxes, though some districts charge fees or draw money from the state or federal government.
Last year, Scott followed through on studies of Florida’s water management districts by cutting their budgets about 40 percent. In turn, the South Florida Water Management district gave buyouts to 123 workers, laid off dozens more and slashed benefits to meet a new requirement that property taxes be cut by 30 percent — about $128 million.
The Palm Beach Post contributed to this report.
Treasure Coast Special Taxing Districts
Across the Treasure Coast, about 85 different agencies tax all or part of Martin, St. Lucie and Indian River counties for specific regional needs. Some span as many as 12 counties; some only include small subsections of a city. Here’s a list of special taxing districts for St. Lucie County.
MULTI-COUNTY
Florida Inland Navigation District (including Martin, St. Lucie and Indian River)
South Florida Water Management District (including Martin and St. Lucie)
Loxahatachee River Environmental Control District (Martin, Palm Beach)
Pal-Mar Water Control District (Martin, Palm Beach)
St. Johns River Water Management District (including Indian River)
Sebastian Inlet Tax District (Brevard, Indian River)
ST. LUCIE COUNTY
Capron Trail Community Development District
Celebration Pointe Community Development District
City of Port St. Lucie Community Redevelopment Agency
Copper Creek Community Development District
Creekside Community Development District
Fort Pierce Farms Water Control District
Fort Pierce Redevelopment Agency
Housing Authority of The City of Fort Pierce
Lake Lucie Community Development District
North St. Lucie River Water Control District
Portofino Isles Community Development District
Portofino Landings Community Development District
Portofino Shores Community Development District
Reserve Community Development District
Reserve Community Development District #2
River Place on the St. Lucie Community Development District
Rupert J. Smith Law Library of St. Lucie County
Southern Grove Community Development Districts
St. Lucie County Erosion District
St. Lucie County Fire District
St. Lucie County Housing Finance Authority
St. Lucie County Mosquito Control District
St. Lucie County Water and Sewer District
St. Lucie Soil and Water Conservation District
St. Lucie West Services District
Sunnyland Farms Community Development District
Tesoro Community Development District
Tradition Community Development Districts
Verano Community Development Districts
Verano Center Community Development District
Villa Vizcaya Community Development District
Waterstone Community Development District
MARTIN COUNTY
Children’s Services Council of Martin County
Community Redevelopment Agency of Stuart
Hobe-Saint Lucie Conservancy District
Housing Authority of The City of Stuart
Indiantown Community Development District
Jupiter Island Beach Protection District
Martin County Community Redevelopment Agency
Martin County Health Facilities Authority
Martin County Industrial Development Authority
Martin Soil and Water Conservation District
Troup-Indiantown Water Control District
INDIAN RIVER COUNTY
City of Sebastian Community Redevelopment Agency
Community Redevelopment Agency of the City of Fellsmere
Delta Farms Water Control District
Fellsmere Water Control District
Indian River County Emergency Services District
Indian River County Hospital District
Indian River County Housing Authority
Indian River Farms Water Control District
Indian River Mosquito Control District
Indian River Soil and Water Conservation District
Sebastian River Improvement District
Solid Waste Disposal District
St. Johns Improvement District
Vero Lakes Water Control District